The 400 Blows: An Expression of a Cinematic Revitalization

The 400 Blows: An Expression of a Cinematic Revitalization The 400 Blows coordinated by Francois Truffaut is a famous film of the late 1950s that refined French film and helped flash an artistic upheaval known as the French New Wave. A contacting anecdote about a youthful immature experiencing childhood in Paris named Antoine Doinel, the film guilefully catches the sad conditions of the pained young men life and his unfortunate winding into an existence of offense and wrongdoing thus. Misconstrued by the two his mom and stepfather at home just as tormented at school by his savage educator, Antoine ends up trying to get away from such situations looking for a spot where he believes he has a place. At first leading little demonstrations of rebellion like composition on the homeroom divider, Antoine gradually advances into progressively reprobate conduct as he starts skipping classes and later to taking a typewriter. Offended by his conduct, Antoines guardians send him to a change school. From that point, Antoine at last rushes toward opportuni ty and escapes from all that had pained him as he advances toward the shores of a sea shore. Out and out, the moving film outlines a charming realistic subject of how a nonattendance of understanding and cherishing guardians and an absence of reasonable treatment at school can make little youngsters helpless to demonstrations of devilishness and wrongdoing as an outcome. More significant than this connecting with component about the film, however, is the way that the establishment of the movies acclaim fundamentally comes from its portrayal of progressive French New Wave thoughts. Such thoughts incorporated the advancement of movies that depicted creative articulation, caught genuine immediacy and validness, communicated certifiable feeling, evoked basic deduction in the watchers, and significantly more (Csã ¶lleovã ¡ and Formã ¡nek). The 400 Blows epitomizes three key attributes of the French New Wave through its incorporation of different inventive film methods, through its rep resentation of a reasonable and philosophical storyline, and through its use of a capricious plot design. One of the main characteristics about the film exhibiting attributes of the French New Wave is that it comprises of a grouping of innovative recording methods, for example, the long take, bounce cut, and without hesitation shooting. To start, there is one outstanding occurrence all through the film which utilizes the recently discovered procedure of the long take; a shot that films a scene for an extensive stretch of time (Film Glossary). A record of this procedure can be seen through the running in Paris scene with the exercise center instructor. As the educator and the young men go through the avenues of Paris, the camera skillet from a higher, more extensive view, and catches the Paris cityscape of the time as the young men guilefully flee from the gathering into structures and rear entryways. All in all, this shot ranges for approximately one moment and thirty seconds and permits the movie to coordinate the watchers considerations towards huge account components. For this situati on, this strategy truly assists with catching the vivacity of Paris during the 1950s for the watchers through its point by point and expand perception of Paris engineering, structures, clamoring boulevards, and so forth. The long take in this model assists with characterizing the dynamic true to life uniqueness that French New Wave producers were making progress toward, explicitly, for empowering authenticity in recording so as to cause crowds to feel progressively included and part of the film. Notwithstanding the new utilization of the long take, is the joining of the bounce cut in the film. So, the hop cut is a method that includes an unexpected progress starting with one scene then onto the next (Film Glossary). An event when some bounce cuts are utilized in the film is during the scene wherein a therapist asks Antione a progression of inquiries while he is at the institute. In this scene, Antoine basically responds to the inquiries that the therapist pose and gives insights reg arding his initial life and the happenings that occurred. Strangely, the watcher doesn't get a brief look at the clinician at everything except just observes Antoine addressing the inquiries. All through the meeting, there are approximately four hop cuts that are incorporated into it. After practically each inquiry that the clinician pose, there is an unexpected change in the scene that happens as it shifts into the following inquiry as though the meeting was separated and altered in certain parts. The utilization of the hop cuts in this example empowers the film to pull in the crowds consideration with the scene and with the film all in all. One might say, this procedure assists with social event the watchers consideration with Antoine and his character on a more profound and increasingly close to home level so the crowd shows signs of improvement look into Antiones world and his circumstance. By and large, the utilization of the bounce cut from the film implies French New Wave mov ie producers true to life drive away from run of the mill constant and simple streaming movies of the opportunity to an invigorated and unusual display of irregularity or ruggedness in films. At long last, the last noteworthy recording procedure in the film that speaks to French New Wave thoughts is appeared through the way that the film is really shot in different areas of Paris. There are different examples all through the film wherein without hesitation shooting happens. Such occurrences are communicated in scenes that show the city lanes of Paris, that show Antoines little home, that show the school, and that show the shores of the sea shore towards the finish of the film. The utilization of shooting scenes in genuine areas is a significant segment of French New Wave thoughts since French movie producers needed to endeavor making films that were progressively characteristic and precisely delineated this present reality however much as could be expected. The 400 Blows certainly f eatures naturality and realness as a result of it being recorded in parts of Paris as opposed to utilizing other non-practical strategies like backgrounds, stages, and so forth to demonstrate explicit areas. Another occurrence of how the film shows parts of the French New Wave is through its demeanor of a legitimate and interesting story line which uses a practical portrayal of characters just as conjures relatability or self-reflectivity in the watchers. To start, The 400 Blows presents sensible and customary characters all through its storyline as opposed to utilizing imaginary or legendary people. A case of this can be shown through Antoines character. Antoine is a defiant fourteen-year-old young person who carries on with a basic life in a little condo with his mom and stepfather and goes to class, nothing for which is over fantasized, overstated, or improbable for the life of a youthful. In the same way as other youngsters his age, Antoine isn't great and is imperfect. He at times dawdles in a difficult situation with his educator by composing on the dividers or not getting his work done, he ignores his folks now and again by lying or fleeing when he can't help contradicting their g uidelines, he makes some troublesome memories tuning in to power and doing what he is told, he takes things on various occasions, and substantially more. There isn't much about Antoines life that one would discover mind blowing or unrelatable to here and there. Because of the delineation of Antoines reasonable life and character, the storyline all through the film turns out to be progressively dependable, intriguing, and astute for watchers on account of the earnest depiction of human commonality and inconveniences all through the film. The reasonable character utilization in the film, thus, likewise assists with conjuring up relatability or self-reflectivity in watchers which makes the storyline progressively philosophical and significant therefore. To extend, the film grandstands the emotions, battles, activities, challenges, and so forth of one character as well as of various characters. In the first place, is a mother who battles with her relationship with both her child and spo use at home. Second, is a child who battles with issues at home and at school. Next, is an instructor who battles with insubordinate and alarming understudies. Fundamentally, the film structures sensible anecdotes about the lives of numerous characters which can urge the crowd to draw similitudes from their own existence with the occasions and conditions from either a particular characters life from the film or the story by and large. In this way, these reasonable and relatable characteristics about the film take into account a significant and philosophical survey understanding for the crowd. In conclusion, a last case of the film highlighting components of the French New Wave is through its use of an irregular plot arrangement which contains rough or apparently arbitrary scenes just as an uncertain goals. To explain, most movies have plots that interface explicit occasions, activities, and so forth for watchers. That is, the plot should offer stream to a movies story and cause the watcher to feel as though occasions are completely associated and not simply arbitrarily tossed into the film. Nonetheless, one may state that The 400 Blows presents a less orderly and obvious plot arrangement than what most movies as a rule did during the time. For example, all through the film there are incalculable scenes that basically show Paris scene and cityscape or what appears as though simply arbitrary bits of film with characters that don't add to the plots reason or associate anything explicit about the film. Scenes like these incorporate when Antoine finds his mom kissing a man who isn't his dad as he plays hooky, the running in Paris scene with the rec center educator and understudies, when Antoine and Rene run down the means of the Sacrã ©-Coeur, when Antoine and Rene go around town soon after taking the typewriter, when Antoine makes a cigarette while in his jail cell, and the sky is the limit from there. These scenes don't really clarify certain occasions in the story or add to the plot for a specific explanation or reason, but instead, appear to be there for increasingly creative recording reasons or for no evident explanation by any stretch of the imagination. The consideration of scenes that don't have an authoritative reason or add to the plot for a particular explanation may cause the film to feel uneven on occasion. By the by, the apparently uneven a

Essay on The Historical Context of Sustainability Gold Mining Industry of Australia

Article on The Historical Context of Sustainability Gold Mining Industry of Australia Article on The Historical Context of Sustainability: Gold Mining Industry of Australia Article on The Historical Context of Sustainability: Gold Mining Industry of AustraliaThe gold mining industry of Australia is the developing business, which however goes up against a serious analysis from the piece of preservationists, who demand that the goldâ mining industry negatively affects condition, while the misuse of mines and the creation of gold contaminate the earth reliably. Along these lines, the inquiry that asks is whether the gold mining industry of Australia is competent to move in the direction of the economical turn of events or the business will build its negative effect on the earth as the gold creation in Australia continues advancing. In fact, the negative effect of the gold mining industry of Australia on the common habitat is clear however the move toward the supportable advancement can diminish the negative effect of the gold mining industry on nature and make the further development of the gold mining industry practical and less unsafe for the environme nt.Background informationThe improvement of the gold mining industry was generally determined by the high estimation of the gold as the significant resource of countries since there was the best quality level as the key estimation of the money esteem. Notwithstanding, consistently, the job of gold in the money conversion scale and qualities has begun to diminish however the job of gold as the valuable metal that includes a significant piece of national banks’ holds continues even today. Nonetheless, the gold mining industry destructively affects the regular habitat as a result of the contamination that went with the mining and gold creation process.In fact,â it was not until the 1970s in most industrialized nations that network desires and enactment developed to guarantee an exclusive requirement of natural administration all through the mining cycle (Mudd, 2008). The developing ecological worries of the open influenced natural approaches directed by the legislature and forc ed stricter guidelines on organizations working in the gold mining industry. In such a manner, organizations needed to mull over natural guidelines, standards and norms, while building up their promoting approaches and procedures. Be that as it may, till present days, there are a couple of constructive outcomes since the gold mining industry is as yet one of the significant wellsprings of the earth contamination. The explanation is the high productivity of gold mining industry of Australia, which demoralizes the legislature from forcing limitations on the further development of the business by presenting ecological approaches and standards. In any case, today, the issue of the ecological contamination has become the significant test for the gold mining industry of Australia in light of the developing open weight, which powers the administration to take the proactive, naturalist position and animate the progress toward the feasible improvement of the mining business of Australia.The central point adding to the negative effect of gold mining industryAt the occasion, the gold mining industry of Australia is defenseless against the serious analysis from the piece of tree huggers on the grounds that the extraction of gold mineral includes evaluating strong stone metals that are prepared to separate the gold (Mudd, 2008). Evaluating strong stone minerals brings about the contamination of nature on the grounds that the reviewing includes the utilization of vitality and, accordingly, increment ozone depleting substance emanations. What's more, reviewing strong stone and extraction of gold outcome in the strong waste that gets from the creation process.Gold mining includes vitality, water and cyanide utilization (Mudd, 2008). In reality, the improvement of the gold mining industry prompts the expansion utilization of vitality and water alongside cyanide utilization (Lewis, Martin W. Green Delusions: an Environmentalist Critique of Radical Environmentalism. Duke Univers ity Press 2010). Now, it merits referencing the way that the utilization of water and vitality prompts the weariness of regular assets. For instance, vitality is created from petroleum derivatives, which are the primary wellspring of vitality at the moment.The gold creation is joined by ozone depleting substance discharges, which negatively affect the environmental change and an Earth-wide temperature boost (Mudd, 2008). Over the span of the creation, ozone harming substance discharges are very high that prompts the contamination and worldwide environmental change. In addition, strong waste is another issue that gold mining industry rises over the span of the gold mining in light of the fact that the strong stone is handled and gold is separated, while the strong waste remains and must be prepared to forestall the earth pollution.In this respect, the supportable improvement of the gold mining industry of Australia is the best way to make the business condition neighborly and decline its negative effect on nature. The continuous accessibility of mineral assets is, subsequently, a fundamental piece of the reasonable improvement of the gold mining industry.â The accessibility of mineral assets suggests that the gold will be as yet accessible for creation for quite a while. In any case, to make the gold still accessible, the gold mining industry ought to acquaint new advances with extricate gold all the more adequately and procedure gold that has just been separated and utilized in various creation forms (Mudd, 2007a). At the end of the day, reusing should get one of the needs of the gold mining industry of Australia to become sustainable.Furthermore, another state of manageable improvement of the gold mining industry is a solid domain that implies the steady decrease of toxins, including ozone depleting substance emanations. The decrease of toxins and ozone harming substance outflows might be accomplished using elective wellsprings of vitality, for instance, su n based or wind power by gold mines in Australia. Gold mining organizations should concentrate on the maintainable turn of events and present advancements that permit diminishing the waste and contamination of the earth. In such a manner, Australia can keep up the steady and practical advancement of its gold mining industry.At a similar time, a necessary component of the feasible improvement of the gold mining industry is the suitable network, which incorporates the steady economy, socially dynamic networks and positive network organizations relations. In such manner, gold mining organizations of Australia should concentrate on the improvement of the network arranged strategies to coordinate needs of the neighborhood network and to limit the contamination of the common habitat that will limit the negative effect of the gold mining industry on nearby networks (Mudd, 2007b). Nearby people group, in their turn, could help gold mining organizations to diminish the earth contamination th rough shared endeavors and advancement of normal, condition benevolent policies.Conclusion           Thus, the improvement of the gold mining industry of Australia has consistently been the need for the advancement of Australian economy because of high benefits and extensive regular assets accessible to the gold mining industry of Australia. Now, the improvement of Australian gold mining industry has gone up against the issue of nature contamination, which influenced the open mentality and caused the rising analysis of the business by general society. In such a circumstance, the legislature centers around the acquaintance of severe guidelines with animate the move toward the economical advancement of the gold mining industry of Australia. In this regard, the progress to the manageable improvement of the gold mining industry ought to include the emphasis on the continuous accessibility of gold stores, the making of the sound condition and practical network.

Early Action versus Regular Action

Early Action versus Regular Action *Update as of 2015: Early action is available to both domestic and international students. Each time we write a blog entry we have to pick a label for it. This label helps sort our entries into the different categories you see at the top of the site. I decided this afternoon that I wanted to write about Early Action and Regular Action (EA and RA) since wed been getting a lot of questions lately. Lo and behold, while looking for a category, I noticed that one of my options was Early Action Versus Regular Action which happened to be the exact title of my post. Hm, go figure, I guess thats the label I should pick. Ive also tagged this as QA because Id like to answer your questions. My goal is for this to be the one-stop-shop for all EA questions you may have, lets see if I can do this. What is Early Action? According to this admissions site: If you have taken all the required standardized tests on or by the November test date and postmark all of the application materials by November 1, you may ask that we review your application and notify you of admission by mid-December. Can anybody apply EA? Almost. Only domestic students can apply early. International students need to apply RA. The reasoning behind this is that the international applicant competition is so intense that it really is important to read all of those applications at the same time and compare them side by side. Why would I apply early? There are a lot of motivations people have for applying early. Some people do it because MIT is their number one choice college and they are really anxious to fill out the application, get it sent in, and find out if they made it in. Others feel that applying early is a great way to show the admissions office that youre willing to take the extra effort to get everything done early and apply, thereby proving you want to go there more than anywhere else and they should let you in. Some apply early to help space out their applications, getting the MIT application done early so they can focus on other applications later. Besides due dates, is there a difference between the EA application and the RA application? No, the application for early action is exactly the same as the application for regular action. The application will be coming out near the end of July. Is there an advantage to applying early? No, not really. Other than the fact that if you are deferred you get a second chance, there isnt an advantage to applying early. If anything it could hurt you because youve got a bunch of kids that likely have MIT as their first choice and all of them are probably quite brilliant. EA applicants are more self-selective, but youll never get in early if you dont apply, so go for it! So, this is Early Decision, right? Wrong. Early Decision, different than Early Action, is not offered at MIT. Schools that have Early Decision programs require enrollment upon early acceptance. MIT, with its EA program, doesnt require you to enroll if you are accepted. You have until May, just like all of the RA people, to decide whether you want to come or not. Again, there is no obligation to attend if you are accepted early, you just have more time to decide if you want to attend. Can I apply to more than one school early? It varies from school to school. Oftentimes youll only be able to apply to one school early decision so if youre applying early decision somewhere it will be against their policy to apply to MIT early as well. However, several schools offering early action will allow you to apply to multiple schools. For example, you can apply to both CalTech and MIT under their EA programs with no problems. Do I still have to pay the application fee? Yes. What about financial aid? Does this affect it at all? Nope. Your financial aid stuff is all figured out at the same time as everybody else, no worries. What are the possible outcomes from EA? You can either be accepted, deferred, or not admitted from EA. Accepted means that you officially have a spot at MIT if you want it and you have to choose whether to attend or not by May 1st. Not admitted means that, unfortunately, you wont be attending MIT. You cannot reapply for RA after having been denied EA. Deferred means that your application is kept and re-reviewed for RA. The admissions office feels that you were a strong enough candidate to avoid non-admission so they throw you in the pool of RA applicants. During the RA round your application is treated exactly the same as the RA applicants, essentially giving you another chance at admission. Many people who are deferred choose to send in additional letters of recommendation (really, only send in one-ish, and make sure it contributes something NEW to your application, not same old same old), write letters to the admissions office keeping them updated with important updates in their lives (again, maybe only one-ish of these letters), and generally doing anything they can to get more comfortable with MIT. Dont go and perform a tap-dance routine for admissions. While youll get polite applause, theyll laugh at you once you leave. Seriously, theyre human, and youll look ridiculous, so dont go insane otherwise youll get talked about over coffee. Getting deferred is NOT a polite rejection. Many many many people are deferred and get in later, MIT cant afford to accept everybody EA so they accept more RA. While only 30% of the final class may be accepted EA, more than 30% of the class is made up of EA applicants. What happens if I get in early? In a word, awesomeness. Results are published online so you could, if youre like me, go online and check to see if you were admitted (then proceed to spend the day flipping out). If youre the more self-controlled type you could wait for the the official letter in the mail. Im sorry, did I say letter? I meant TUBE! EA admitted students (just EA, sorry RA, more incentive to apply early) get a tube in the mail that congratulates them on their acceptance. Inside the tube is the acceptance letter, the acceptance certificate, a poster, a coupon to The Coop, confetti, and other neat goodies. MIT is awesome and is one of the only (if not the only) colleges that gives early admitted students a tube instead of just a big envelope. Funnily enough, Newsweek just discovered this phenomenon and is frantically trying to get pictures of the tube for their Kaplan College Guide so EA admits everywhere are scrambling to get high res pictures of their tubes submitted. Keep on clicking everybody, theyre due tonight! After you get your tube a bunch of new stuff appears on your myMIT account (go sign up for a myMIT account right now) including a very addicting guestbook that all of the admitted students get to sign. This helps you meet your future classmates before youve even hit campus. I spent way too many hours looking at this guestbook. Over the coming months you will receive nice holiday cards and phone calls from MIT wishing you well and making you feel special. Plus, and this is a big plus, your college search is potentially over even before your other applications are due. Let me tell you, this is VERY nice. Great, Im convinced, when is everything due? October 20 Last day to contact your interviewer and set up an interview November 1 Last day to have an interview November 1 Postmark deadline for Early Action application November Last month to take standardized tests for Early Action application Mid-December Early Action applicants notified of admission decision February 15 Receipt deadline for all Financial Aid materials April 1 All applicants notified of financial aid package May 1 Postmark deadline for enrollment decision of accepted students (Early Action and Regular Action) Snively, thank you so much for all of this useful information about early action. I will refer to it often and will thank whatever deity (or deities or lack thereof) I believe in everyday because you published this post. Is there anything I can do for you in return? Anything at all, baked goods, music, my firstborn child? Tell you what, you keep the firstborn child. If you feel so inclined, I would gladly accept the following: a) Any type of baked good b) Techno music c) A shoulder massage d) A black Spider Spud e) A rare, retired, mint-condition, Ben Jones autographed business card I have more questions! Thats ok, either ask in the comments or e-mail me at snively [at] mit [dot] edu and Ill update this post with answers. I like turtles Alright, youre a great. . . zombie.

Kroger Mcdonald s Organizational Structure - 925 Words

Company Infrastructure Company infrastructure can be defined as the physical systems of a business. Transportation, communication, and electrical systems are all examples of infrastructure. (Investopedia) Kroger`s business infrastructure involves commerce, people, technology and other value creation activities that take place. The responsibility of protector and advocate fall upon the company’s CFO of the firm. By using infrastructure effectively, a firm can improve on its competitive advantage and increase cash flow for the company. Kroger’s culture of diversity has always been inclusive. Kroger takes diversity seriously, when it comes to building its work force. By attracting and recruiting the best talent, Kroger can build its organization from within. Kroger states â€Å"Diversity is a part of our recipe for success† (Jobs.kroger). Kroger believes that diversity is one of their company strengths, and is one reason why the Kroger family is committed to making sure that every custome r that walks in their door feels welcome, appreciated and respected. The purpose of Kroger’s decentralized organizational structure is to allow their company to be more responsible to its local environment by giving managers more say in making decisions that reflect the areas of responsibility as quickly and efficiently as possible. The goals of this strategy also include maximizing organizational efficiency as well as maintaining a link with the local communities. Kroger balances between theirShow MoreRelatedStarbucks Final Case Study Essay3803 Words   |  16 PagesThe purpose of this report was to examine whether or not the best is yet to come for Starbucks. 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1692, Salem Massachusetts. We’Ve All Heard The Stories.

1692, Salem Massachusetts. We’ve all heard the stories. Learned about it in history classes: The Salem Witch Trials. Rather the allegation and trial of over 200 people in the town alone and countless others in the surrounding area. But, contrary to what we learned in History, the first accusation wasn’t in Salem. The first recorded witch was found in 1669, twenty-three years prior in a little town known as Amesbury. The suspect was a woman named Susannah Martin, who was 44 at the time (Demos 1978). Twelve years prior to the trials, there was a woman, Bridget Bishop, and aside from Ann Pudeator- whose trial year is unknown- was Salem’s first case in 1678. Twelve miles away, and four years later, another two cases appeared in Ipswich. Long†¦show more content†¦One thing that the colonists looked for with this new world was the opportunity to seek freedom from the rules and persecution of the English Church. Upon their arrival to the New World, it became cl ear that not all of the people they encountered were under the Church’s wing. Puritans then decided that these people were being controlled by the devil, or believed in him in some way (Religious Aspects 2008). There were several theories that some believe could have lead to the Trial. One explained that the scare came from ministers who were in an effort to lead followers and keep them in the Church (Religious Aspects 2008). This is supported by evidence that shows that individuals who strayed from the Church were to blame for such events. They were â€Å"easy targets† to the claim witch, because they had dropped ties with the church. However, as time went on, some cases looked more like possession and less like targeting. This factor changed how some researchers described their findings. One case that supports the possession theory was that of young Betty Parris and her cousin, Abigail Williams. Betty’s father was a Reverend in their town and noted that the tw o were observed to be experiencing symptoms that went beyond natural causes (Religion During the Dark Days). In translation, it was more than just a moment of epileptic shock. People said that it resembles the Goodwin case- one that also showed traced of demonic possession where the children had no

Computer networks assignment Free Essays

Cable Maximum data rate speed cat 5 Single Mode Fiber cable gasps Recommendations Connector Reasons Category e, reasons for purchasing cat depute cable. Cat e cable is the most popular of all http cables, Has a superior bandwidth as compared with cat cable. RAJA 45 connector since it is the standard connector used to connect to a device and also for wall-plate connections. We will write a custom essay sample on Computer networks assignment or any similar topic only for you Order Now Multi-mode fiber-optic cable Straight tip connector (SC). Commonly used as a backbone, fast, intensity susceptible to eavesdropping. Straight tip connector is commonly used in Ethernet networks that use fiber-optic backbones, more so it is popular for use with multi-mode fiber-optic cable. Network Topology for the office Office 1 Task 2 The same design applies to the other offices. Methods for secure intranet 1. Use intranet based VPN 2. Use of Authentication. Advantages of intranet based VPN They enable secure broadband connections (through cable modems, DSL, etc. ). They can create significant communication savings in particular when lots of remote users dial-in from outside the local calling area. Secure the connection between the client and ‘SP. Provide unauthorized users from tapping into the intranet. Extended connectivity and lower cost. Altered. Disadvantages of intranet based VPN Are not scalable and are more complex that NAS initiated VPN. The need to manage software on the client machines. NAS-initiated Access VPN connections are restricted to pops that can support VPN. Do not encrypt the connection, between the client and the ISP, but rely on the security of the EST.. Advantages of using authentication User id and password is the least expensive authentication method to use. User ids and passwords can be changed anytime at the user’s choice, furthermore most users know how to change them. No need to install extra software in the case of using ids and passwords. Token authentication can be used for login and transaction authentication purposes effectively. Biometric authentication is difficult to compromise. Disadvantages of Using Authentication d and password authentication is Weak and susceptible to numerous attacks. Token authentication involves additional costs, such as the cost of the token and any replacement fees. Token authentication requires some amount of user training. Security depends on the users’ ability to maintain the user ID and password secret. Biometric authentication usually involves cost for support and maintenance. Protocols Intranet VPN protocols Pipes or IP Security is used to secure Internet communications. It’s normally used as a security overlay for the other protocols. It’s considered the â€Å"standard† VPN protocol, specially for site-to-site VPN. PPTP-Point to point tunneling protocol, a data link protocol that establishes a connection between two networking nodes, it creates the virtual connection across the internet, and provides connection authentication, transmission encryption and compression. LOTT, Layer Two Tunneling Protocol, it does not provide encryption and it relies on PPTP protocol to do this. Authentication One way authentication protocol. Mutual way authentication protocol-protocol that enables both the point of origin and the point of termination of a communication link to verify or authenticate each other. Amended-Schroeder Protocol Media required for connecting the offices Internet medium: It acts as a connection medium Router: I. E router to router VPN is used to connect separate offices in various locations. Software-network management software. Internet-To act as medium for connection purposes. Software to enable the devices to communicate and be able to send and receive information. Sips Hardware requirements to connect the Four Offices 2. Switch. 3. Firewall How access can be provided to the company intranets via extranet. Staff access their computers in whatever the location they are, they then provide their ids or swords to the company’s website upon which they are verified to be the genuine staff, after being authenticated through the extranet VPN, they are finally allowed to access the offices, if a user tries to forcefully access the intranet the firewall in between detects and shuts of the intruder. Intranet and extranet Diagrams Task 3 Security issues related to Intranets and extranets Unauthorized Access – An unauthorized person gains access to a company’s computer system and access sensitive information. Misuse of user privileges – An employee or supplier authorized to use the system for one purpose misuses it for another purpose other than for what it is should be. Users or telecommuters accessing the corporate intranet from their home can or sometimes expose sensitive data as it is being sent over the wire. Security breaches- at certain times the intranet will experience unusual traffic like spam, pushing, Edward and mallard. Networks attacks- there can be a network attack in form of forceful intrusion into the intranet or extranet. Lack of encryptions – at sometimes confidential information is shown to unauthorized personnel because of the lack of using encryption. Usability problems- omen users will use the intranet improperly through not knowing how to search, retrieve, send and receive information. Weak passwords – some users use weak passwords, they write them down, never change them and in the end forget their content – users are vulnerable to dangerous content like Trojan, worms and viruses that attach on emails. Violations of security policies – some users make an attempt to penetrate the network forcefully and illegally without clearance and permission. Protection From viruses Trojan and other threats 1) Adoption of intrusion detection prevention system in the network to offer retention against network attacks. 2) Deployment of effective email filters and firewalls to block against suspicious traffic from entering the network. 3) Authentication through use of passwords, smart cards and biometric scanners to overcome unauthorized access in the network. ) Use of intranet monitoring soft wares by companies so as to check and monitor what their employees are doing on the intranet or on their own PC. 5) Strict adherence to the security policies put in place by the company any violations of the security policies should be met with strict consequences. 6) Users on the intranet must remember to always update and maintain their security software on every PC and server on the network to ensure protection. 7) Formal training should be given to new employees who don’t know how to use the intranet so that they will know how to perform searches, send and retrieval of information. ) Network administrators should encourage users to use strong or hard to guess passwords as well as not to show their passwords to any other party. 9) Use of SSL Digital certificates to help secure the intranet from lack of encryption. 10) Setting up firewall rules to only allow messages that come from within the internal server. Recommendations to counter any threats to the network. Use of anti-virus toolkits so as to safeguard the computers on the network, the anti virus toolkits should be updated regularly and used to scan both PC and servers on the networks. Security policy – should be put in place so as to protect the company’s resources and information. Physical countermeasures: such as CATV cameras, gratitude’s, data backup and recovery systems should be embraced so that the company will be able to monitor and protect its equipments and information safe. Authorization – Access rights and privileges should be given to certain users in the many. Authentication-users and systems must be authenticated; authentication can be through passwords, digital certificates and other methods. Conclusion The network project was a success though it seemed hard; I find that I have acquired some certain skills that I didn’t have during the beginning of this module. Am grateful at least that I have managed to do my best in this module. The project was about creating a network that would be used to connect the four offices which currently house about seven computers. Weaknesses One of my weaknesses as displayed in my project is that I did not manage to show a actuarial representation of the various cables, servers and other equipments which would have otherwise enabled me to illustrate my project in a clear and visible manner. In task 1 1 was required to come up with and identify the type of media I will propose for the company, I chose a wired media category e cable as the best option to go for, the cat e cable altogether needs a connector hence I chose the RAJA-45 connector which is the standard that can be used by the cat e cable. I provided the cost of cabling and installing such a cable in a network, the assumption made was that the many did not have any networks and so I included them in the cost and installation section. As for the data speed I gave the maximum speed that can be achieved by a category e cable which is Mbps. L provided recommendations for the category e cable to purchased together with raja-45 connector . In task 2 after researching on the methods that can provide a secure intranet I finally ended up choosing three methods and these are Intranet based VPN, Authentication and Digital signatures, I named a few protocols which are applied in the above methods such as layer two tunneling protocol for the intranet VPN. The media required to connect the offices such as Internet form the service of the hardware that can be used to connect the offices are Routers, switches and firewalls. In task 3 1 gave a listing of the security issues that are prominent with such a network some of them include, network attacks and lack of encryptions such issues can cause a company a great loss as much time will be spent trying to solve the problems which at times are difficult to solve. To protect the workstations in the network from attacks from viruses, Trojan and worms I gave the following suggestions, that the company et up strict security policy that the staff should adhere to so as to ensure the resources and information in the company are in safe condition, adoption of intrusion detection and prevention systems in the network to secure the network form any forceful entry into the network. Using methods such as updated antimatter toolkit, the staff can be able to operate under a conducive environment which is free from any malicious software attacks, second thing is that authorization rights and privileges should be given to certain staff or members in the company, so s to prevent information from being accessed by unauthorized user who possess a threat to the company. How to cite Computer networks assignment, Papers

Progressive Historians Essays - Frontier Thesis,

Progressive Historians One must decide the meaning of "progressive historiography." It can mean either the history written by "progressive historians," or it can mean history written by historians of the Progressive era of American history and shortly after. The focus that was chosen for this paper is more in keeping with the latter interpretation, if for no other reason than it provides a useful compare-and-contrast "control" literature. The caveat is this: the focus of this report is on the predominant question of the historiographical period: was the war a revolution or a war for independence? One could choose many other questions to argue, questions that historians have for years disputed about the revolution, but there are a number of reasons why this report was chosen for this particular assignment; the two best follow. First, it is an old and time-honored question that professors and instructors have posed to their students for years; of pre-Civil War historiographical questions, it is perhaps second only in fashion during the last twenty to twenty-five years to the Jefferson-Hemmings paternity controversy. Second, the revolution-or-independence question is one of those which must be answered through interpretation. A case cannot be made that is so utterly conclusive as to exclude all others; it is that very fact that makes history at once so frustrating and so fascinating. What better way could there be to look at the writings of a specific school of historians? Therefore, in the pursuit of "personal truth," we must proceed... Perhaps the most famous of all progressive historians is Frederick Jackson Turner. His most famous argument is not devoted strictly to the American Revolution, but instead to the effects of the American frontier. In a sentence, his argument is that the frontier was the chief determinant in American history. This is not to say that Turner did not write about the war; he did, in his seminal work, "The Frontier in American History," there are discussions of the frontier's effect on the coming of the revolution. It is worth noting, before exploring Turner's arguments, that the frontier in this period was only about one hundred miles from the Atlantic coast. Of course, as the period under scrutiny approaches the war chronologically, the frontier moves away from the ocean. But it is important to remember that Turner defines the Jamestown of Captain John Smith in 1607 as the frontier in its initial stage. So, in this context, it makes sense to the almost-twenty-first-century reader when Turner refers to the frontier as defined by the Proclamation of 1763 as the "Old West." Turner gives an idea of his world-view near the end of the book: The transformations through which the United States is passing in our own day are so profound, so far-reaching, that it is hardly an exaggeration to say that we are witnessing the birth of a new nation in America. The revolution in social and economic structure of this country during the past two decades is comparable to what occurred when independence was declared and the constitution was formed, or to the changes wrought by the era which began half a century ago, the era of Civil War and Reconstruction (Turner 1920, 311). This point bears further examination in the context of all the historians being compared in this paper, but in a later section. It is more important at this point to continue with the discussion of Turner's examination of the war as it relates to his frontier thesis. Briefly, Turner argues five points specific to the war in his overall treatment of the frontier. First, a fighting frontier had been established from Georgia to New England as a result of the colonial wars with the French. Second, a primitively agricultural and democratically self-sufficient society had been established on the frontier that was profoundly and fundamentally different from the society from which the frontiersmen's progenitors had sprung; it is of course because those progenitors were different from their fellows that they came across the ocean in the first place. Third, the frontier developed home markets for the growing?--though still small?--colonial industrial base, lessening the importance of the triangular trade. Fourth, non-English settlers had caused an unintended and at first informal breach with the mother country that later fueled separatist sentiment; it is no great thing in the thick of rebellion to forget that the war was at first a war for the rights of Englishmen when one is not an Englishman in the first place. Fifth, the frontier by its very nature reflected a contest between the privileged and the non-privileged; Turner maintains

Essay Sample on Capital Punishment My Point of View

Essay Sample on Capital Punishment My Point of View A great many cases can be made in justifying for and against capital punishment. My view is that capital punishment is wrong in all circumstances as I believe in the most compelling argument of all which is based on: the risk of killing an innocent person, failure to recognize a person can repent and change and that disproportionate poor and ethnic minorities could be killed. Committing a crime involves performing a social act that offends the laws of a society. This can range from stealing a packet of crisps from a shop, to murder. There are lots of reasons for which people commit a crime, whether it is because they are poor so they have to commit robberies to survive, or because they are mentally ill and do not realize the difference between right and wrong. At the present, drugs are a major reason for generating crime. Drug addicts need drugs to keep themselves functioning properly. So to do this, they need money to buy drugs. The only way they can get the money, if they have run out of their own, is by committing money making crimes and stealing. There are a variety of ways to punish the criminals but it is not, and should not, be all about punishing them. I believe the cause of the problem should be found out, and that this should be solved. For example if a man steals to feed his family, he should not be punished as this is the states fault for not providing for his family. Punishment can be used as a deterrent to stop the criminal committing crime. It can also be a form of â€Å"revenge† on the criminal for his actions. It makes them suffer for their crime. The punishment can also protect society from the criminal. The criminal could be dangerous, and it could be for the publics wellbeing and the criminals welfare if he is punished. Punishment can also be used to give the criminal a chance to restructure his life, so they can change their ways and make him less likely to commit another crime. The arguments for bringing it back can be entirely debated. One argument is that it deters potential murders. I believe this is untrue as it is proven that most murders are committed in a moment of passion so the alleged killer would not really be thinking about the repercussions. If a person is coldly killing people, I believe the person may have a problem, possibly mental health issues, and should see a psychiatrist rather that being locked up. Some say that capital punishment defends civilians and police from violence. But I ask what is jail for? The argument for, is deeply weighted, as it can then be argued, once the accused has served their prison sentence, they will be released again and therefore be a threat to society again, and will be able to re-commit more crimes. However, if they are put to death, they will not be able to re-offend and consequently not be able to be a threat to society any more. Some people for capital punishment tell me, it costs the taxpayer too much mo ney to keep a criminal in jail and why should they be made to pay for this anyway. But, can you really put a value against human life? Is it not the most priceless and precious gift ever given to you? Also, upon doing research in America where capital punishment still exists, I found out in Texas it costs an average of $2.3m to prosecute and execute a convicted criminal each year, while it only costs $400,000 for life imprisonment. Innocent people will always be preyed on. You just have to be in the wrong place at the wrong time and BANG, all your freedom is gone, or if capital punishment was brought back, your life. Since 1973, ninety-five of the inmates on death row in America have been fully cleared by the courts. One man, by the name of Kerry Sanders, a mental health patient, was picked up for sleeping on a bench during October 1993 in LA. A routine check showed that a Robert Sanders had escaped from a prison in New York that morning. This Kerry Sanders was obviously not Robert Sanders yet was still arrested. As he was had mental health issues, he signed a confession saying he was Robert Sanders because â€Å"he was told to†. He was sent to a maximum security prison where he was sexually assaulted by other inmates, all while his mother and sister were searching over the streets of LA for him. Only after the real Robert Sanders was arrested, was he set free. But, imagine had this man been sentenced to earth, you would not be able to bring him back to life. Religion is the oldest argument in the book and can swing both ways. Jesus said â€Å"to turn the other cheek† thus saying do not use capital punishment as a form of revenge. It is also reported when a woman was going to be stoned to death for committing adultery, Jesus told the crowd that â€Å"he without sin â€Å" should throw the first stone consequently saying that it is not humans here on earth right to judge and punish another person. In Judaism, they believe â€Å"an eye for and eye† and â€Å"a tooth for a tooth†, and in Islam, the laws state that for certain crimes, such as murder or adultery, the death penalty should be used. In spite of this, both religions have long traditions of justice and mercy, and Islam says, even if the execution is at that moment taking place, if the victim’s family forgive the accused, the death penalty should not be carried out. I therefore believe capital punishment is wrong, and that under no circumstances should it be used. Yet, I also believe â€Å"life imprisonment† should mean just that, and not just 10- 12 years. In order to protect society, â€Å"life imprisonment without parole† should be considered. This would not only take into consideration the welfare of the innocent, but also if someone was wrongly accused, they would be able to be released whereas you cannot do this with capital punishment. You can order a custom essay, term paper, research paper, thesis or dissertation on Capital Punishment topics at our professional custom essay writing service which provides students with custom papers written by highly qualified academic writers. High quality and no plagiarism guarantee! Get professional essay writing help at an affordable cost.

Three Review Exercises in Subject-Verb Agreement

Three Review Exercises in Subject-Verb Agreement These three review exercises will give you practice in applying the rules of subject-verb agreement. After you have completed each exercise, compare your responses with the answers. Agreement Exercise A For each pair of sentences below, write out the correct form of the verb in parentheses. Keep to the present tense, and be guided by our four tips for agreement and our three special cases.1. Do you know how to play bocce? The game (do) not require any special athletic abilities.2. There is a new bocce league at the recreational center. There (be) several teams in the league.3. I have a new set of bocce balls. My friend (have) a new pallino ball.4. Bocce is a game for people of all ages. I (be) going to show you how to play.5. The players take turns rolling a ball down the court. Each of the players [take] one ball and aims for the pallino.6. We try to get our balls as close to the pallino as possible. Rick often (try) to bounce his ball off the side of the court.7. Nobody enjoys playing bocce more than I do. Everybody who plays bocce (enjoy) the game.8. There are four players on each team. There (be) a tournament at the end of the season.9. The winners of the tournament carry home a trophy. Everyone (carry) home good memories.10. I am ready to play a game now. You and your friends (be) welcome to join us. Agreement Exercise B For each pair of sentences below, write out the correct form of the verb in parentheses. Keep to the present tense, and be guided by our four tips for agreement and our three special cases.1. Both candidates oppose increased defense spending. Neither of the two candidates (oppose) the war in Iraq.2. Not one of these cell phones belongs to me. One of the phones (belong) to Merdine.3. Most students take all of their classes in the morning. Nobody (take) classes after 2:00.4. One of my hobbies is collecting shopping bags. My hobbies (be) unusual.5. Gus and Merdine want a trial separation. Neither one (want) to move out of the apartment.6. Neither of the players admits that he made an error. Both players (admit) that somebody made a mistake.7. Both the manager and her assistant have been fired. Neither the manager nor her assistant (have) been notified.8. Where is your little brother? Several pages from my journal (be) missing.9. Professor Legree often goes for long walks in the rain. Th e lights in his house (go) on at midnight. 10. The students in the back of the room play poker during breaks. The student who sits next to the refreshments (play) solitaire. Agreement Exercise C In the following paragraph, identify the six errors in subject-verb agreement. According to legend, Santa Claus is a fat old man who visits every house on our planet in about eight hours on one of the coldest nights of the year. Santa, as everybody knows, stop for a glass of milk and a cookie at each house along the route. He prefer to work unnoticed, so he wears a luminous red suit and travels with a pack of bell-jangling reindeer. For reasons that most people does not understand, this jolly old man enters each house not by the front door but through the chimney (whether you has a chimney or not). He customarily gives generously to children in wealthy families, and he usually remind poorer children that its the thought that counts. Santa Claus is one of the earliest beliefs that parents try to instill in their children. After this absurdity, its a wonder that any child ever believe in anything again. Answers to Exercise A (1) does; (2) are; (3) has; (4) am; (5) takes; (6) tries; (7) enjoys; (8) is; (9) carries; (10) are. Answers to Exercise B (1) oppose; (2) belongs; (3) takes; (4) are; (5) wants; (7) has; (8) are; (9) go; (10) plays. Answers to Exercise C (1) Change stop for a glass to stops  for a glass; (2) change prefer to work to prefers  to work; (3) change people does not understand to people  do  not understand; (4) change you has a chimney to you  have  a chimney; (5) change remind poorer children to reminds  poorer children; (6) change child ever believe to child ever  believes.

Analysis of Terrorist Attacks in International Law Research Paper

Analysis of Terrorist Attacks in International Law - Research Paper Example Hague Convention considers the unlawful seizure of an aircraft, an international criminal offense and even the accomplices of the hijackers are charged with the same offense and even the states that get connected to the offense are asked to abide with the international law of hijacking. "The Convention requires each contracting state to take such measures as may be necessary to establish its jurisdiction over the offense when the offense is committed on board an aircraft registered in that state, or when the aircraft lands in that state with the offender on board, or when the alleged offender is present in its territory and it does not extradite him to one of the other states just mentioned" American Society of International Law.1" The use of the hijacked aircraft as lethal weapons, resulting in the deaths of hundreds if not thousands of persons, may be a crime against humanity under international law. The Statute of the International Criminal Court, which is in the process of obtaining the necessary ratifications to enter into force, defines a crime against humanity as any of several listed acts "when committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against any civilian population, with knowledge of the attack." The acts include murder and "other inhumane acts of a similar character intentionally causing great suffering, or serious injury to body or to mental or physical health." When the attack happened in 2001 on the World Trade Centre, the International Criminal Court was not yet functioning. Still, the crimes were held as crimes against humanity that would be subject to all domestic criminal courts of the world and eventually they came under the jurisdiction of International Criminal Court. Under the jurisdiction of international law, not only any country could try the terrorists for the terrorist acts within the borders of that particular country irrespective of their nationality and citizenship according to the statutes that are in force, but also the terrorists could be sent to another country for trial if that country's grievance against such terrorists is more severe. All the countries can exercise the universal jurisdiction for the crimes committed against their State. According to the universal law, any country can bring such terrorist offenses under its own law and prosecute the offenders if 'they are within its custody'.International law issues can also crop up if any country is obviously harboring terrorists who have already committed acts of terrorism anywhere in the world. Military action against such a country is definitely not advised, but the country could be the target of many other international actions like sanctions, trade embargos etc. If there is an extradition treaty between the two countries, it should be honored immediately and not doing so, can earn the status of a rogue nation to the un-obliging country.

Key Factors Affect In Car Buying In Shanghai Dissertation

Key Factors Affect In Car Buying In Shanghai - Dissertation Example There were also several corporations that distorted the place of factories in China from dispensation trade bases to production bases for domestic supply depending on the market expansion. In the case of processed food manufacturers, the position of Chinese factories thus far was to process worldwide procured raw materials in China and export them to Japan. This approach is based on the opinion concerning modify in the consumer market that the insist for processed food will produce because there are many dual-income families and families in China often go out for Long routed drive (Kim, L., 2003, 506-521). Findings Consumer market growing at multiple levels According to the latest research, In the Chinese market, the purchasing power of heart income earners and over is increasing in the urban areas of coastal regions. In addition, incomes are rising in the urban areas in the inland and northeastern regions, and consumer behavior is ahead momentum in wide-ranging regions and income groups. At the same time, though, it has become clear from this study that there are lots of factors that cannot be precise by averages, such as differences in consumer behavior in the urban and rural areas in the Chinese market as well as disparities in consumer behavior by income group inside cities as well. Retailers such as Car dealers that have entered the Chinese market have seen strapping business results in China, which has acceded to the WTO and is rapidly making progress in deregulation.

Causes of Job Turnovers and Staff Retention Issues

Causes of Job Turnovers and Staff Retention Issues STAFF RETENTION INTRODUCTION Staff turnover has become the norm today in the manufacturing, service and merchandising / merchandise industry. Employees are moving from one form of employment to another because of several factors that the employers have not yet grasped. In this regard many industry players are busy defining ways to protect turnover of its employees. The most affected part of this is the merchandising industry. In the bid to prove muscle in the fastest growing industry executives in the merchandising industry are fighting hard the high trend of their staff consistently changing jobs (Omondi 2). Today generating an atmosphere favorable and valued by all employees in the ever changing employee market may not be as pain-streaking as it may appear to the larger population. It engages a number of issues may make the brilliant minds that make up your staffs want to stay in the organization. A combination of this contribution may eventually lead to higher number of employees and thus reduce turnover. The contributions made above require that they be performed in tandem for observable achievement to be achieved. Grasping the skill of staff retention requires that management delve deeply into what causes turnover of staff in institutions. Many questions should be put on the table in order to ascertain reasons why one would want to work in one organization and not prefer to work in another organization. The managements should not rest at that but proceed to look into the subsequent period that the employee has been absorbed into an organization. By asking these questions it is easy to discern that there are a lot of issues that have been left wanting for a long time. i find it easy to look at this issues by sympathizing with the employee and trying to assume his shoes at the company. This in real meaning requires doing proper research on standard ethical models that might be brought on board to encourage retention of employees. In the recent past the employers used to retain employees . The confidence thus gained goes down well with those in the precincts of work thus offering them purpose and presence. Boosting the moral of workers is one way of improving confidence of staff. In this regard even the general productivity of the company of the company can be noticed. Working closely and collectively in addition grants the staff presence. Al in all its just a matter of saying thank you as morality demands. There are different styles of leadership in institutions that influence how relationships in the work place take place. People in leadership roles should be in the fore front in show wing proper codes of conduct to their employees, as opposed totaking the hind seat. In turn the employees may feel very motivated within the working environments that they are working. This enabling environment will thus lead to a sense of belonging by the individuals and cohesiveness thus leading to teamwork translating into a proud team. For one to retain staff he or she has to consider several important issues of the work place. BACKGROUND Draper Co. Ltd. Found in 1987 is a sweater manufacturer that employs more than 100 people in Hong Kong. Since garment companies had bloomed in recent years. The role for merchandising people become more difficult and the manpower is short in the labor market. Draper is facing the problem of high staff turnover rate. In addition, with opening of the mainland market. Many foreign enterprises had set up their merchandising sections in Hong Kong and some enterprises also invite Hong Kong garment companies to cope with their expanding business. As a result, the job vacancies of merchandisers increased tremendously. Among the merchandising industry, garment sections are highest in demand for merchandisers. This is due to the fast growing of the sectors as well as the high employee turnover rate and the lack of talent in the labour market. With the goal of identifying predictors of turnover, factors and employees intention to leave or stay with the company will be the major issue of Draper Co. Ltd. 1.2 RESEARCH PROBLEMS Initially, the establishment of the project required the involvement of different parties who would provide data and statistical analysis. The study required involvement of external organizations which would require them to allow access their staff to cooperate during the course of the research. Unfortunately some of these merchants turned down request to take part a little after the project was already initialized, it was quite unfortunate. The team of researchers contacted several nationwide merchandise groups to request them to take part in the research as a subsequent measure. Within a short period of time, two particular merchandisers articulated formal concern and primarily arranged to play a part in the project but with the approval of the Board of Governors of their respectful organisations. The team of researchers used up considerable hours meeting with a variety of the team of people representing the merchandisers and giving important information related to the research and showing presentations that highlight the scope of the study. An agreement was made with these merchandisers that the research panel would conduct industry job and staff retention survey within the merchandise organization, rather than concentrating on organizational loop holes as it would imply that there are indeed loop holes, in their respective organisations which might not be the truly case. However because of various unpredicted situations including the falling ill of one of the team members who acted as coordinator of the research team and these respectful merchandisers, the merchandisers in the end made the decision to withdraw its cooperation, leaving operation of the research between a rock a rock and a hard place. The research team then informed the Draper Co. Ltd of the current problems and suggesting a different research method design that would still be in line aims of the project and the objectives outlined before the research was initially flagged off. In this respec t, a decision was made to advertise across various merchandise outlets to secure individual people working as merchandisers to act as respondents from different retail outlets, thus eliminating the process of approaching company heads or Board of Governors for endorsement to guarantee a speedy and effortless contact with respondents. The Draper Co. Ltd was highly involved in endorsing the submission for change in the approach for the research. The research carried out by the team concerned conducting 100 partially controlled telephone interviews with with merchandisers from different merchandising firms including own staff at Draper Co. Ltd . The research method design of the survey was cautiously designed and conversant with preceding works that dwelled on employee equality and diversity concerns all over the work evironment (e.g. Sutherland and Davidson, 1997). The design of the interviews was such that it could be in accordance with the aims and corresponding objectives of the Dr aper Co. Ltd and eventually deal with a array of concerns as well as the recognition of possible occupational improvement barriers and the recognition of approaches for conquering these limitations, chances for education and training, job promotions and provision for leadership. The partially controlled interview timetable was then stored in secure modules and safe websites secured with passwords, which eventually made it easy for members of the research panel to enter information directly into the research database and online pages, and at the same time carrying out interviews with respondents all over the merchandising industry. The details of the research methodology and what will be contained in the schedule for the is described in the subsequent sections. RESEARCH OBJECTIVE This study was led by a research team commissioned by the Draper Co. Ltd. The research team was selected by the management of the company with advise by the legal advise wing experts. It was agreed that 16 members be brought aboard the the team of researchers. The main goal of identifying predictors of turnover, factors and employees intention to leave or stay with the company will be the major issue of Draper Co. Ltd. The aims of the project were as follows: To examine two sets of potential causes of job turnovers and eventual staff retention mechanisms: firstly, those that impede the retention of workers in the organization and secondly, those that speeds the exit of the players from the organizations. Identify strategies for overcoming these barriers Investigate the feasibility of constructing a national database, documenting the career paths of women in the merchandise industry Develop, publish and disseminate good practice guidelines and recommendations using reports, conference presentations, feedback seminars, academic journals and merchandise specialist and national press. The objectives of the project were to: Investigate two sets of potential reasons for staff leaving the company: firstly, those that accelerate the exit of workers and merchandisers and secondly, those that impede the efforts of retaining staff in the organization. Identify strategies for overcoming these reasons. Investigate the feasibility of constructing a national database, documenting the career paths of workers in the merchandise industry. Develop, publish and disseminate good practice guidelines and recommendations using reports, conference presentations, feedback seminars, academic journals and merchandise specialist and national press. RESEARCH QUESTIONS Why this company has high staff turnover rate Why staff relationship will make new comer difficult to fit in team work What relationship caused high staff turnover rate How to retain staff in this company Does the management policy affect staff retention Does the company is responsive to employees needs and wants Does companys reputation retain staff RESEARCH METHOD 3. Research Methodology Having discussed the complexity of the retail industry and the related literature, the following chapter attempts to identify and describe the research design and sampling type. After which, the chosen research method will be introduce and how the collected data is being tabulated will be discuss. In addition, the hypotheses of this study will be derived at the later part of this chapter. 3.1 Research Design Research design specifies the methods and procedures for conducting a specific research project. It is a detailed blueprint used to guide the implementation of a research study towards the realization of its objectives (Wong, 1999). According to many authors (Churchill, 1999; Wong, 1999; and Zikmund, 2000), there are three types of research design, namely the exploratory research, descriptive research and causal research. Exploratory research is known to be the best suited for situations that have relatively little or nothing known about the study. The essence of this research design is to focus on two main ingredients listening and discovering, in order to provide a great understanding of a concept (Wong, 1999) and to clarify and define the nature of a problem (Zikmund, 2000). These authors also pointed out that exploratory research can be conducted with four approaches which are literature search, experience survey, focus group discussion and in-depth interview. These open-ended, flexible and interactive qualitative approaches help to formulate problems more precisely but not providing accurate statistical information. Descriptive research aims a describing the characteristics of the population under the study such as the behaviours of consumers. It is primarily concerned with the gathering of numeric, measurable data and it is recommended when the research purpose is centered on providing accurate, statistically reliable data. Descriptive research is being broken down into both longitudinal and cross-sectional studies (Zikmund, 2000 and Wong, 1999). Longitudinal studies involve panels (Churchill, 1991) and provide measurements at successive points of time of an event. On the other hand, being the most common and familiar (Churchill, 1991), cross-sectional studies describe an event at one particular point of time and it is useful in facilitating comparisons between different population subgroups (Wong, 1999). Finally, causal research is to explore and establish a cause-and-effect relationship, if any, between variables through laboratory and/or field experiments (Wong, 1999, p58). Cross-sectional study was chosen for this study. This is because cross-sectional study relies on a sample of elements from the population of interest that are measured at a single point in time (Churchill, 1999) and it can at best yield measurement data (Wong, 1999, p. 57). Hence, this research design suit in this study because it attempted to measure how consumers make decision. 3.2 Sampling Design Wong (1999, p.54) pointed out that descriptive research requires a reasonably large number of respondents (i.e., sample size) to supply the required information. Although it is recognized that a convenience sample is not always truly representative of the population, the author of this study had decided to adopt this method due to time restraints. The author adopted convenience sampling of non-probability sampling as it aids convenience and efficiency and also generates a large number of sample sizes. This is because it involves the selection of people who are most conveniently available to the interviewer (Wong, 1999). Due to time constraint, the gathering of responses for this study would be greatly base on convenience. Convenience gathering of responses and ability to contact the respondents (if necessary), has allowed the author of this study to choose both Marketing Institute of Singapores (MIS) part-time and full-time students as the main target respondents. In addition, friends, colleagues and family members of both the respondents and the author would be approached as well. 3.3 Data Collection for this Study According to Wong (1999), marketing data may be classified into two basic types: primary data and secondary data. Primary data refer to those collected to meet the specific research needs at hand. Secondary data on the other hand, refer to existing information which has previously been collected and reported by some individual or organization, and which are other than the research problem at hand. Thus the distinction between primary and secondary data lies in the original purpose of data collection. 3.3.1 Secondary Research Secondary data is an essential element of almost all research carried out. According to Churchill (1999, p. 253) secondary data possess significant cost and time advantages. This is because, the existence of secondary data can in many instances dismiss the need for potentially expensive and time-consuming field work as secondary data exists aplenty from internal and external data sources (Wong, 1999). Apart from time-saving and cost economics, secondary data is less subject to intentional bias. Also as certain types of information may be impractically or virtually impossible to gather through data approach, secondary data are the only alternative (Wong, 1999). Therefore, secondary data enable this study to avoid biasness that might be made unintentionally by the author during the development of the hypotheses. Hence in this study, journals from electronic databases such as Emerald and Ebsco were reviewed to aid the development of the study. The use of journals was to serve as a basis to draw the hypotheses of this study. However, Wong (1999) pointed out that one of the disadvantages of secondary data is that it became outdated easily in an ever-changing environment, and often, there were differences in classification or measurement as well as lack of accuracy. The above appeared true to the author as some of the journals being reviewed appeared to be outdated and inaccurate due to different areas of focus. The author also found that there was limited access to many online research websites and the availability of journals on store atmosphere in the retail context was also limited. Therefore both the retail and service context were being reviewed in the process. With the difficulties mentioned above, it was anticipated that the secondary research found would not be sufficient to fulfill the objectives of this study. As mentioned by Churchill (1999), when problem is not yet resolved with secondary data, the researcher should proceed to primary data. Therefore, the author of the study moved on to gather primary data for the completion of this study. 3.3.2 Primary Research Primary data prove its importance when the required information for marketing research/evaluation may not be available from secondary data sources. For the purpose of this study, the author had decided to use quantitative research. This is because, according to Wong (1999, p.110), quantitative research is used when the primary objective is to derive numeric or quantifiable data which is statistically accurate and reliable. Quantitative research is also recommended when there exists a need for accurate numeric data. Due to time constraint, the author decided to avoid open-ended questions and adopt close-ended questions on the questionnaire. This is because, close-ended questions are easily administered by an unskilled interviewer compared to open-ended questions and it is also much easier and faster for statistical data tabulation and data comparison. In addition, the checklist of responses in the questionnaire helps reduce difficulty in memory-recall that respondent might encounter in responding open-ended question (Wong, 1999). On the other hand, the checklist of responses may not be as comprehensive and alternate responses that appear in the checklist may create position bias, which will cause the respondent to be unable to freely express him or herself, and often detailed information is being missed (Wong, 1999, p.138). 3.3.3 Questionnaire Development The questionnaire used for this study consists of three sections, namely demographics, Closed-ended questions (Dichotomous questions Multiple-choice questions) and Scaling questions (Agree-disagree questions). Section A served to gather data on respondents personal particular such as gender, age group, highest education level attained, occupation and monthly Income level. Section B aimed to gather data on respondents view towards the impact of store atmosphere on consumers emotions, purchase and repatronage behaviour. It will determine to what extent each atmospheric elements influence respondents mood and purchasing behaviour. Five-point Likert-scale statement (1=Strongly Disagree and 5=Strongly Agree) was being used to allow respondents to rank and identify the degree of influence of each of the atmospheric elements. Responses were also sought regarding consumers patronage behaviour. 3.3.4 Pre-testing The objective of pre-testing is to ensure that the questionnaire used in this study is easily understood and not misinterpreted by the respondents. There should also be minimal possible difficulties faced by respondents in answering the questionnaire. For the reliability of this study, pre-testing is vital to ensure the accuracy of the data collected. The questionnaire was pre-tested via a small-scale pilot test with 5 respondents and subsequent changes were made. The author sent the questionnaire via email to the 5 respondents and they where asked to attempt the questionnaire and provide comments and feedbacks. After gathering the feedbacks and comments, the questionnaire was being modified and refined to meet the objectives of this study. In order to improve the clarity of the questionnaire, redevelopment of the questionnaire was required. The author had to refine the section A and rephrase some misleading questions in Section B. Some questions that were being duplicated and confusing to the respondents were omitted. New questions were also developed and integrated into the questionnaire to achieve the objective of the study. 3.3.5 Final Data Collection After redeveloping the questionnaire, the new questionnaire (appendix ) was ready for the actual distribution and data collection. The questionnaire was being distributed both online and offline to MIS part-time and full-time students as well as their friends, colleagues and family members. Naturally, offline respondents are more responsive to the completion of the questionnaire. This is because they tend to complete the questionnaire the moment they receive it and return to the author right after completion. Although online distributions of the questionnaire enable wider participation and easier distribution, it is commonly view as spam mails and ignored by receivers. Therefore, there were a total of 49 responses from offline distribution and 39 online responses which resulted in a total of 85 responses that served as primary data for this study. 3.3.6 Data Analysis Method SPSS 13.0 version was being used for data analysis in this study. The author made use of one sample T-test, paired sample T-test, chi-square and correlation to conduct testing of the hypotheses. The statements used to measure the variables were assessed on a five-point Likert scale, ranging from strongly disagree to strongly agree with numerical value of one being strongly disagree and five being strongly agree. 3.4 Hypotheses â€Å"A hypothesis is a statement that specifies how two or more measurable variables are related. A good hypothesis carries clear implications for testing stated relationships†, (Churchill, 1999, p.101). As stated, for this study, it was important to measure the impact of the influence of the atmospheric elements of a store on consumers mood and behaviour. Hence, the following hypotheses were derived for this study. Based upon the theories reviewed, it is hypothesized that: Mood H1a: Colours has a significant influence on consumers mood in the store H1b: Lighting have a significant effect on consumers mood of the store H1c: Music has a significant effect on consumers mood of the store H1d: Scent has a significant influence on consumers mood of the store H2: Mood is positively influencing consumers length of stay in a store Spontaneous Purchase H3a: Consumers will have a more favourable attitude toward merchandise with the effects of store atmospheres H3b: Effects of store atmospherics on merchandise is positively influencing spontaneous purchase in the store H4: Income level is influencing spontaneous purchase that is caused by store atmospherics Repatronage Intention H5: Consumers will exhibit greater degree of patronage intention when the store atmosphere appeals to them H6: Gender, Age and Education level influence consumers evaluation of stores image The responses gathered from the questionnaire were then entered into SPSS 13.0 for statistical analysis. 3.5 Summary of Chapter 3 Secondary data such as journals and textbooks were being reviewed before conducting the actual primary research. This was to allow the author to further understand the review on Store Atmospherics, mood and repatronage behaviour before developing the questionnaire for primary data collection and to develop the hypotheses of this study. A total of 89 responses were collected via online and offline distribution to enter into SPSS 13.0 for statistical analysis. Conclusive Research Design Descriptive Research Method: Data Analysis is quantitative Secondary data survey Questionnaire Survey Data Collection Survey analysis by launched an Employee Workplace Survey to gather data that would identity why do employees stay/leave the company? Identifying factors influencing retention to gather data from across the employee population of the company. TERMINOLOGIES DISSERTATION OUTLINES Chapter 2 Literature Review 2.1 Introduction This Section looks at the main literature in this area. The first sections focus on the structure of merchandising and the broader profile of the sector. The section then moves on to its main concern which is the job retention of merchandisers at junior and senior levels in merchandise. Merchandising is an economic sector, which has traditionally been associated with the employment of merchandisers. Overall, 60% of low skilled employees are merchandisers and 40% are skilled. Whilst these figures show that the merchandise sector clearly employs a larger number of low skilled than the skilled, it is not a ‘balanced industry (Skillsmart, 2006). The representation of low skill workers in the merchandise sector however, follows a number of important patterns. Official statistics are used to highlight the predominance of merchandisers in part time work in the merchandise sector and the under representation of merchandisers at senior levels. According to Skillsmart, (2006), official f igures are general and are unlikely to provide a clear understanding of the dynamics relating to the position in which merchandisers are employed in merchandise sector. The following sections therefore outline theories that have been offered to account for these gender disparities, particularly in relation to barriers for merchandisers attempting to progress into senior management positions. An examination of managing diversity is then offered and potential mechanisms for ensuring merchandise organisations fully utilise the talents of all employees to maximise productivity is discussed. 2.2 The structure of the merchandise sector The merchandise sector is the largest private sector employer in the Hong Kong yet it is rarely recognized as such. Skill smart (a not for profit organisation, set up and part funded by Government to identify and address the skills needs of the Hong Kong merchandise sector), suggest that this is, possibly because its workforce is not concentrated in any particular region or locality. In fact, the merchandise sector is the largest public sector employer in the Hong Kong. Furthermore, Wang XI Inc is the Hong Kongs second largest employer after the Jubilee (Skillsmart, 2004). Overall, the merchandise sector employs three million people throughout the Hong Kong, which accounts for approximately ten per cent of employment throughout the Hong Kong. However, the structure of the industry is unusual, and is described by Skillsmart, as ‘hourglass shaped. The overwhelming majority (95%) work in firms with less than ten employees. Consequently, there is significantly less (just over two hundred) merchandise employers with more than fifty staff, reflecting the â€Å"hourglass shape† of the industry profile. 2.3 Present profile of turnover of employees Employment expectations have risen slightly in (Q1) from an already high level in Q4. Of the 514 executives surveyed, 54% expect to increase their hiring which is slightly up from 53% the previous.Year-on-year, expectations have remained steady. The 54% planning to grow headcount this year is at the same level as Q1 2006, though there are some variations between the sectors surveyed. Companies are extremely confident about how they will perform in the next six months with 95% of respondents forecasting their companys performance to be excellent or good in the first half of 2007. Respondents in Hong Kong report higher levels of staff turnover than in any other market surveyed in Asia with 37% stating that turnover in the last twelve months has exceeded 10% (Hudson, 2007). Hudson, one of the worlds leading professional recruitment, outsourcing and talent management solution providers, today released findings of its comprehensive quarterly Hudson Report for Asia. With a reputation as a key socio-economic indicator in the current marketplace since its Asia launch in December 1998, the survey has been built on the premise that employers expectations of an increase or decrease in staffing levels represent a significant indication of their optimism in the growth of their organisation and their industry as a whole. The Hudson Report represents the expectations of over 2,200 key employment decision makers from multinational organisations of all sizes in all major industry sectors, with 514 of these executives based in Hong Kong. 2.4 The general profile of employees in the merchandise sector Traditionally the merchandise sector is associated with the employment of low level and unskilled workers, the vast majority of whom work in the lower ranks of the organizational hierarchy. The profile of employees in merchandise also follows a number of other patterns. The merchandise sector for example employs a large proportion of young people. According to recent estimates 29% of those employed in the sector are between the ages of 16 to 24. This is compared to the overall economy figure of 14%. It has been suggested that this figure may be due to the popularity of merchandise as a part-time occupation for young people and students (Skillsmart, 2006). Merchandise is also a popular choice for older workers (those over 55). In terms of ethnic minority employment, the merchandise sector employs a similar proportion to those figures available nationally (Skillsmart, 2006). Recent research has shown however, that certain recruitment practices may prevent ethnic minorities from gaining employment in merchandise organizations. For example a study for Birmingham and Manchester cities in Britain for example, found that employers might specify jobs as a matter of course that require the staff to work on Saturdays without realizing that a large pool of potential workers would be unable to work on this day as it is their Sabbath (Vector research, 2003). 2.4 The trends common in the merchandise sector Merchandise is an economic sector, which has traditionally been associated with the employment of diverse people of different background. Overall, 55% of merchandise employees are women and 45% are men (Skillsmart, 2006). This gender factor in the merchandise sector remains fairly consistent throughout the nations and regions of the Hong Kong and this profile has been fairly consistent over the last 10 years. Skill level has also played a bigger part in influencing how long an employee is wiling to stay in a given organization. Better salaries in other organizations may lead to employees moving from their respective place of work in pursuit for better opportunities(Hudson, 2006). Level of qualification gives workers a broader spectrum of work opportunities that they gladly take into considerations. Skillsmart (2006) suggest that Hong Kongs larger ethnic population is likely to be the source of this greater proportion of the workers in the capital run by ethnic minorities may proprietorship driven by highly skilled male people. It is important to note however, that t he representation of retention in the merchandise sector follows a number of

Case Study: Cappuccino Wars

1)  The coffee culture of the United States has been taken up by a storm in the United Kingdome as well. The gourmet coffee consumption in the regions increased and the presence of four major chains of coffee in the country have enabled easy access to any type of coffee required or desired by the consumers. The reason for the increase and the popularity of the coffee bars in the region is mostly related to the lifestyle and the environment of the region. The United Kingdom is essentially a very cold region where one can feel cool winter chills even in the summer months of June and July. As a result, coffee as a beverage would have been very popular in the region. However the different hundreds of varieties made available to the consumers piqued their interest as well as their taste buds.Previously the region was used to the unappealing black and grey coffee which did not come in many variations. However with the use of Brazilian coffee and Italian coffee making machines, the gourme t coffee bards were able to provide the customers with a diverse product offering which was delicious and attractive at the same time. The consumer as a result, is also willing to pay a high price for these coffees. The other strategy that was adopted by the coffee bars was to introduce a relaxing atmosphere and ambience at their shops. This attracted the customers to come in the shop, buy their beverages and spend some time socializing or simply catching up on current events or their work.The other reason as to why coffee shops have become so popular in the region of UK is because of the convenience they offer. The wide spread of the shops has made its possible for the competing as well as same retailer owned shops to be located within a hundred yards of each other. This gives the customer the convenience and the choice of getting a coffee when ever they want and wherever they want. Aside from this the various flavours offered by the shops have provided the customers with an array of choices and customisation. The customers love making choices and this makes the experience of buying and consuming a complex and flavourful brew of coffee very attractive for the customers.2)  If I were to be visiting a coffee bar for the first time there would be multiple factors influencing my decision pertaining to the purchase of coffee and the repeat consumption of coffee from the specific shop. These factors would include my mood, my attitude towards the shop, the brand name of the shops, the associations with the image of the shop or the brand, the attitude of my peers with the shop, the reviews that are available for the products and services offered by the shop.Aside from this the factors would also include my personal opinion of the shop, the kind of coffee I want and the various forms of coffees that are offered by the shop. The traffic coming in and going out of the shop as well as the ambiance would also be a important facto of my decision making activity. Aside fo rm this I would want the coffee to be healthy and prepared in a hygiene environment as a result cleanliness and hygiene would also play a crucial part in my decision of going to a certain shop for buying the coffee.However if I have already visited the shop and bought a coffee from there, then my decision making factors would slightly change. By now I would have formed an opinion about the shop and would make my decision according to this. The opinion would be made up of my experience with the staff and the service, the experience of consuming the coffee as well my personal taste of the ambiance in the shop. The satisfaction that I derived form the coffee however would be the most important decision for me in the case of repeat purchase behaviour.My decision to buy coffee can be a high involvement decision as well as a low involvement decision. Initially the decision to go to a shop for the first time would be a high involvement decision as I would be checking the place out and aski ng for reviews form people. However once I have been there the decision for going to the same shop would become a low involvement decision.3)  The leading coffee shops in the UK including Starbucks, Costa Coffee, Cafà © Nero and Coffee Republic have all had been selling large amounts of coffee to the customers, however they have been unable to make any substantial amounts of profits. The main reason for this is that they are currently because of their expansion strategy and the product offering.They are providing the customers with a highly diverse kind of product however the price they are charging is high and premium price based however it is not enough for them to cover the cost of the customizations and the high quality raw materials required in the manufacturing and processing of these coffees. Moreover the intense competition in the industry has made them restrict the level to which they can decrease their prices as the other company in the industry also follows the price d ecrease making the effect the sae. However the margin available to the companies is getting reducesThe other reason is that the expansion strategy especially by Starbucks is eating up into the target market scope and share of the branches of the various coffee bars. This has reduced the traffic coming in per bar, while the number of coffee bars have been increasing. This decrease in the traffic combined with the low margins has made the profitability of these bars almost non existent.The option available to the coffee and related beverage retailers like Starbucks and other serious competitors is to improve the efficiency of their operations. The business will have to perform business process reengineering whereby the have to find out the various inefficiencies that exist in their business processes. Special attention has to be given to the cost inefficiencies present.These need to be identified and improved on or eliminated. By getting more efficient in their operations the stores w ill be able to report profits for their operations. One of the main strategies that the companies might have to take up would be to close down its highly inefficient and loss bearing stores. Aside from this those stores which are not present at strategic location should be eliminated as well in order to cut down the costs of operations.4)  The coffee bars are usually located in the centres of the towns and the streets as this is where most of the traffic tends to pass from. The chance of getting a customer in these regions is very high. However in order to provide the coffee to places where the people actually require them would involve taking the shop to the consumers.This would involve setting up a coffee kiosk in the school during lunch times or in the offices during lunch break. Aside from this the shops can be placed near the vicinity of large schools, colleges and office building. Placing the shop in such strategic locations will allow the customers to conveniently come to t he shop themselves. Aside form this it is also possible to open a coffee bar inside a college campus as well. This is because the study cramming sessions conducted by the students require caffeine laden beverages and they would appreciate the presence of a coffee bar in such convenient vicinity.Other locations where the presence of a coffee shop can be profitable for business as well as satisfactory for the customers would be near political and government offices, near army training camps as well as in hospitals. The presence of such coffee shops would be much appreciated in hospitals as people tend to have a lack of choice for beverages like coffee and snacks in the hospital. The coffee shops can also be located at prominent regional, national as well as international tourism spots and hotels. This would provide the tourists as well as the working staff to the coffee culture providing them will high quality coffee products at their convenience.ReferenceThorburn, S., (2006), Analyst Comment, Marketing, p35-35, retrieved November 10, 2007